Extraction Instruments

Luxators or periotomes to cut the periodontal ligament, elevators to loosen the tooth, extraction forceps shaped for the tooth group, root elevators for fractured roots, and a surgical curette and bone file to finish the socket. Extraction forceps chart →

In the European pattern: Fig. 29/30S upper incisors, Fig. 7 upper premolars, Fig. 17 and 18 upper molars right and left, Fig. 67A upper wisdom teeth, Fig. 33A lower incisors and premolars, Fig. 13 and 22 lower molars, and Fig. 79 lower wisdom teeth. Extraction forceps chart →

Upper forceps have beaks in line with the handles, or a bayonet shape for posterior teeth. Lower forceps have beaks at right angles to the handles so you can grip from above. Extraction forceps chart →

The pointed beak engages the furcation between the roots, giving a secure grip on the root trunk instead of the crown, which lowers the risk of fracturing the crown. Extraction forceps chart →

A basic set usually covers upper anteriors, upper premolars, upper molars (left and right), lower anteriors, lower premolars, lower molars and upper and lower root forceps. Numbering varies between systems, so match by tooth group. Extraction forceps chart →

A luxator has a thin, sharp blade that cuts the periodontal ligament with little force. An elevator has a thicker blade that uses leverage to mobilise the tooth. Many clinicians use a luxator first, then an elevator.

An atraumatic extraction aims to remove the tooth while preserving the surrounding bone and soft tissue — typically with periotomes, luxators and controlled forceps movements, which is especially important before implants.

A diamond-coated grip holds the root securely with less squeezing force, reducing slipping and crown fracture.

Fine root tip elevators such as Heidbrink patterns are used to gently lever out small apical fragments, often after creating space with a periotome.